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The difference between ethyl chloride and ethane
1. molecular structure is different
From the point of view of molecular structure, the main difference between ethyl chloride and ethane lies in the different substituents in the carbon chain.
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Molecular structure of ethyl chloride The molecular formula of ethyl chloride is C? H? Cl, and its structure is an ethyl group (-CH? CH?). One hydrogen atom is replaced by a chlorine atom. Thus, the ethyl chloride molecule has a chlorine atom as a substituent, while the rest of the structure is similar to ethane.
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Molecular structure of ethane The molecular formula of ethane is C? H. In its structure, two carbon atoms are connected by a single bond, and neither carbon atom has a substituent. All the hydrogen atoms in the ethane molecule are located in the outermost layer of the molecule.
In terms of molecular structure, ethyl chloride can be regarded as the product of ethane generated by substitution reaction, that is, ethane reacts with hydrogen chloride to generate ethyl chloride. This substitution reaction makes the molecular structure of ethyl chloride differ significantly from that of ethane in terms of chemical properties.
2. Physical Properties Comparison
Physical properties are one of the important bases for judging the difference between substances, and there are obvious differences between ethyl chloride and ethane in physical properties.
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Boiling Point Ethyl chloride has a boiling point of 160°C, while ethane has a boiling point of only -88.6°C. The difference between the two boiling points is large, indicating that the presence of chlorine atoms significantly affects the interaction force between molecules, resulting in a stronger force between molecules of ethyl chloride, and thus a higher boiling point.
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Density Chloroethane has a density of 1.82g/cm³, while ethane has a density of 0.60g/cm³. The density of ethyl chloride is significantly higher than that of ethane, which is also due to the larger atomic weight of chlorine atoms.
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Solubility Ethyl chloride is slightly soluble in water and has good solubility in non-polar solvents. Ethane is practically insoluble in water, but is soluble in non-polar solvents.
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Color and Status Ethyl chloride is a colorless liquid, while ethane is also a colorless gas and is a colorless liquid under standard conditions.
These differences in physical properties make ethyl chloride and ethane have different application fields in industrial production.
3. chemical properties analysis
Chemical properties are one of the important bases for judging the difference between substances, and there are significant differences between ethyl chloride and ethane in chemical properties.
1. Stability
Chloroethane has poor chemical stability and is susceptible to decomposition reactions due to external factors (such as light, high temperature, etc.). Ethane has high chemical stability and is relatively stable at room temperature, and decomposition reaction only occurs under high temperature or strong discharge conditions.
2. Flammability
Chloroethane itself is not flammable, but can be used as a raw material for certain organic compounds and participate in the process of generating flammable substances. Ethane, on the other hand, is a highly flammable gas that is widely used in fuels and combustion promoters.
,3. Reactivity
The reactivity of ethyl chloride is different from that of ethane. Ethyl chloride decomposes when it encounters an oxidizing agent to form products such as chlorinated oxygen. Ethane, on the other hand, burns when it meets an oxidant, producing carbon dioxide and water.
4. Industrial Applications Comparison
In industrial applications, ethyl chloride and ethane also have significant differences.
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Application of Ethyl Chloride Chloroethane is mainly used in the production of organic chlorine compounds, such as dichloroethane, trichloroethane, etc. These compounds are widely used in the field of pesticides, herbicides and so on. Ethyl chloride is also used in the production of allyl chloride, chlorobutane and other organic compounds.
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Application of ethane The main use of ethane is as a chemical raw material for the production of ethylene, synthetic fibers, etc. Ethane is also used as a fuel, especially in areas of tight energy supply, ethane is widely used in the production of liquefied ethane.
5. Safety and Storage
Ethyl chloride and ethane also have different requirements in terms of safety and storage.
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Safety of ethyl chloride Ethyl chloride has a certain toxicity, contact with the skin and eyes will cause irritation. Therefore, when storing and using ethyl chloride, protective equipment must be worn to avoid direct contact.
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Safety of ethane Ethane itself is not toxic, but if it leaks during storage, it may cause gas leakage. Therefore, pay attention to ventilation during storage and avoid contact with open flames.
6. summary
Through the above analysis, it can be seen that there are significant differences between ethyl chloride and ethane in molecular structure, physical properties, chemical properties and industrial applications. As an important organic compound, ethyl chloride has special uses and applications, and ethane is an indispensable basic raw material in chemical production and energy use.
Understanding the difference between ethyl chloride and ethane will help us to better select the appropriate substances in practical work and ensure the safety and efficiency of the production process. This also reminds us to pay attention to safety and avoid unnecessary risks when using and storing these two substances.
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