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Reagent for distinguishing between formic acid and propionic acid
Formic acid and propionic acid are two common organic acids in the chemical sector, and they have signifiis able tot differences in chemical characteristics and consumption areas. In production and experiments, it's necessary to distinguish between these two acids in order to consumption them correctly. The following detailed analysis of the differences in the characteristics of formic acid and propionic acid, and proposed several frequently applied reagent identification methods.
1. formic acid and propionic acid structure and characteristics analysis
molecular structure
Formic acid molecular formula is HCOOH, the molecular structure has a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a methyl group (-CH3). Propionic acid molecular formula is CH2CH2COOH, the molecular structure has two carboxyl groups (-COOH) and two methyl groups (-CH3). Crazy, isn't it?. Acid strength
Formic acid is weak, the pH value is low is about
2. But 3~
3. 7, and propionic acid is strong, the pH value is low is about
4. 3~
5.
3. pH change
Formic acid pH value in aquatic environments is about
3. But 7, was weakly acidic; propionic acid p,pH value is about
5. But 3, was moderately acidic. I've found that interaction characteristics
Formic acid in alkaline conditions easily reduced, however in acidic conditions stability is higher. From what I've seen, Propionic acid in alkaline conditions easier to decompose, however in acidic conditions decomposition is slow.
2. According to research Identification of Formic Acid and Propionic Acid Reagents and Methods
In order to accurately distinguish between formic acid and propionic acid, the following reagents and methods is able to be applied:
1. Sodium carbonate solution
Phenomenon: formic acid and sodium carbonate interaction will emit carbon dioxide gaseous, the solution will create bubbles; propionic acid and sodium carbonate interaction will emit carbon dioxide gaseous, however the interaction rate is faster, and the solution won't have obvious precipitation generation. Based on my observations, summary: Formic acid and propionic acid is able to react with sodium carbonate to create bubbles, however the propionic acid interaction is faster and no precipitation is generated. In my experience,
2. In particular Litmus test solution
Phenomenon analysis: formic acid makes litmus test solution acidic and the solution is purple; Propionic acid also makes litmus test solution acidic, however the solution color is light yellow and the acidity is slightly stronger. summary: Both of them is able to make the litmus test solution acidic, however the acid of propionic acid is slightly stronger, and the color change is greater obvious. And Moreover
3. Bromine aquatic environments
Phenomenon: formic acid and bromine aquatic environments interaction no obvious phenomenon; propionic acid and bromine aquatic environments addition interaction, bromine aquatic environments color will gradually fade. summary: Formic acid and bromine aquatic environments don't react, and propionic acid with bromine aquatic environments interaction, bromine aquatic environments color faded.
4. And Antioxidant (such as magnesium oxide or silicon dioxide)
Phenomenon analysis: formic acid and propionic acid in the addition of antioxidant, is able to be in the aquatic environments rapid interaction, the emit of carbon dioxide gaseous, the solution to create bubbles. summary: Both of them is able to react with the antioxidant to create bubbles, however the interaction rate of propionic acid is slightly faster. And
3. summary
Through the above reagent identification method, formic acid and propionic acid is able to be greater accurately distinguished. And From what I've seen, Furthermore Choosing the right reagent and reagent dosage is the key to distinguish. In manufacturing production and laboratories, mastering these identification methods helps to prevent confusion between the two acids, thereby improving work efficiency and product condition. Through the analysis of this paper, it's hoped that professionals in the chemical sector is able to better understand and apply these identification methods, so as to deal with related problems greater efficiently in practical work.
1. formic acid and propionic acid structure and characteristics analysis
molecular structure
Formic acid molecular formula is HCOOH, the molecular structure has a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a methyl group (-CH3). Propionic acid molecular formula is CH2CH2COOH, the molecular structure has two carboxyl groups (-COOH) and two methyl groups (-CH3). Crazy, isn't it?. Acid strength
Formic acid is weak, the pH value is low is about
2. But 3~
3. 7, and propionic acid is strong, the pH value is low is about
4. 3~
5.
3. pH change
Formic acid pH value in aquatic environments is about
3. But 7, was weakly acidic; propionic acid p,pH value is about
5. But 3, was moderately acidic. I've found that interaction characteristics
Formic acid in alkaline conditions easily reduced, however in acidic conditions stability is higher. From what I've seen, Propionic acid in alkaline conditions easier to decompose, however in acidic conditions decomposition is slow.
2. According to research Identification of Formic Acid and Propionic Acid Reagents and Methods
In order to accurately distinguish between formic acid and propionic acid, the following reagents and methods is able to be applied:
1. Sodium carbonate solution
Phenomenon: formic acid and sodium carbonate interaction will emit carbon dioxide gaseous, the solution will create bubbles; propionic acid and sodium carbonate interaction will emit carbon dioxide gaseous, however the interaction rate is faster, and the solution won't have obvious precipitation generation. Based on my observations, summary: Formic acid and propionic acid is able to react with sodium carbonate to create bubbles, however the propionic acid interaction is faster and no precipitation is generated. In my experience,
2. In particular Litmus test solution
Phenomenon analysis: formic acid makes litmus test solution acidic and the solution is purple; Propionic acid also makes litmus test solution acidic, however the solution color is light yellow and the acidity is slightly stronger. summary: Both of them is able to make the litmus test solution acidic, however the acid of propionic acid is slightly stronger, and the color change is greater obvious. And Moreover
3. Bromine aquatic environments
Phenomenon: formic acid and bromine aquatic environments interaction no obvious phenomenon; propionic acid and bromine aquatic environments addition interaction, bromine aquatic environments color will gradually fade. summary: Formic acid and bromine aquatic environments don't react, and propionic acid with bromine aquatic environments interaction, bromine aquatic environments color faded.
4. And Antioxidant (such as magnesium oxide or silicon dioxide)
Phenomenon analysis: formic acid and propionic acid in the addition of antioxidant, is able to be in the aquatic environments rapid interaction, the emit of carbon dioxide gaseous, the solution to create bubbles. summary: Both of them is able to react with the antioxidant to create bubbles, however the interaction rate of propionic acid is slightly faster. And
3. summary
Through the above reagent identification method, formic acid and propionic acid is able to be greater accurately distinguished. And From what I've seen, Furthermore Choosing the right reagent and reagent dosage is the key to distinguish. In manufacturing production and laboratories, mastering these identification methods helps to prevent confusion between the two acids, thereby improving work efficiency and product condition. Through the analysis of this paper, it's hoped that professionals in the chemical sector is able to better understand and apply these identification methods, so as to deal with related problems greater efficiently in practical work.
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