Is cis-cyclohexane or trans-cyclohexane more stable?

In my experience, Comparison of stability of cis-cyclohexane and trans-cyclohexane

in the field of chemistry and organic chemistry, the cis and trans isomers of cyclohexane are often discussed. A general question is: Is cis-cyclohexane or trans-cyclohexane greater stable? while these two isomers have differences in molecular structure, their stability is affected by many factors. In this paper, the stability of cis-cyclohexane and trans-cyclohexane will be analyzed in detail, and the influencing factors will be discussed. Molecular Structure and Isomeric Forms of Cyclohexane

we need to understand the basic characteristics of the molecular structure of cyclohexane. Cyclohexane (CCEM) usually exists in the form of a six-membered ring, with its carbon atoms lying in a plane, forming a "ship" or "chair" shape. Cyclohexane has two different isomeric forms, cis (cis) and trans (trans), depending on the spatial arrangement of the hydrogen atoms in the cyclic structure. You know what I mean?. cis-cyclohexane: In cis-cyclohexane, all hydrogen atoms or substituents are on the same side of the ring. trans-cyclohexane: Trans Cyclohexane is where the hydrogen atoms or substituents are located on opposite sides of the ring, respectively. But These structural differences immediately affect their steric effect and stability. But In my experience, Stability comparison: cis-cyclohexane and trans-cyclohexane

when we ask whether cis-cyclohexane or trans-cyclohexane is greater stable, the main determinants of stability are steric conflicts between molecules and steric impacts. For example In particular, the stability of cyclohexane is generally determined by its configuration. Due to the uniqueness of the ring structure, the difference in the distribution of cis and trans cyclohexane in space is able to lead to different energy states. Low stability of cis-cyclohexane: The hydrogen atoms or substituents of cis-cyclohexane are all on the same side, which easily leads to mutual exclusion or space crowding within the molecule. Such a configuration usually induces a substantial steric conflict, thereby reducing the stability of the molecule. High stability of trans-cyclohexane: In contrast, the hydrogen atoms or substituents of trans-cyclohexane are located on the opposite side, which reduces the steric conflict within the molecule and reduces the repulsive force, so trans-cyclohexane is usually greater stable than cis-cyclohexane. Effect of Chair and Boat Configuration of Cyclohexane on Stability

the stability of cyclohexane isn't only related to its cis or trans configuration, however also closely related to its chair and boat configuration. And In most cases, the cyclohexane molecule will prefer the chair configuration, because the atomic arrangement in the ring is the most balanced and the three-dimensional conflict is the least. I've found that In the chair configuration, the stability difference between cis and trans cyclohexane is greater obvious. For instance chair cis-cyclohexane: while the chair configuration is usually greater stable, the hydrogen atoms in cis-cyclohexane are still arranged on the same side, resulting in a larger three-dimensional repulsion effect, and therefore reduced stability. And chair trans cyclohexane: In the chair configuration of trans-cyclohexane, the substituent or hydrogen atom is in a far position, which further reduces the three-dimensional exclusion effect and makes trans-cyclohexane greater stable. And I've found that summary: Trans-cyclohexane is greater stable

trans-cyclohexane is greater stable because it has less steric conflict and repulsive impacts inside the molecule. Cis-cyclohexane, while it might exhibit some stability under some specific conditions, is generally less stable than trans-cyclohexane. to the selection of chemical interactions and synthetic processes, understanding the stability differences of these isomers is able to help to optimize the interaction conditions and enhance the yield.