How is nitric acid manufactured? Overview of nitric acid

How is nitric acid manufactured? Overview of nitric acid

nitric acid (HNO3) is an important inorganic acid, which is widely used in chemical, agricultural, pharmaceutical and national defense industries. This article will explore the manufacturing process of nitric acid and its applications in detail to help readers fully understand this basic chemical.

Overview of 1. nitric acid

nitric acid is a colorless, volatile liquid with strong oxidation, and will react violently with a variety of substances at room temperature. It is soluble in water, the aqueous solution is brown, mainly used for the production of fertilizers, explosives, dyes and plastics. The nature of nitric acid makes it an indispensable raw material in industrial production.

Manufacturing method of 2. nitric acid

the traditional manufacturing method of nitric acid is the Ostwald method, which includes the following steps:

1. oxidation of ammonia ammonia reacts with oxygen in the air under the action of a catalyst to produce nitric oxide.
2. Oxidation of nitric oxide nitric oxide is further oxidized to form nitrogen dioxide.
3. Absorption of nitrogen dioxide: Nitrogen dioxide dissolves in water to produce nitric acid and nitrate.

In recent years, the improved Ostwald method has improved the yield and reduced pollutant emissions by optimizing the catalyst and process conditions. Some studies have explored the direct oxidation method, but the Ostwald method is still the mainstream.

Main applications of 3. nitric acid

nitric acid is widely used in many fields:

1. agriculture: Mainly used for the production of nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate, to improve soil fertility.
2. Explosive Manufacturing nitric acid is a key raw material for the manufacture of nitroglycerin and TNT.
3. Metal processing: Nitric acid is used to etch metal surfaces and manufacture precision parts.
4. electronic industry: Used for etching and cleaning semiconductor materials.
5. Medical for disinfection and sterilization.
6. Environmental protection: Used to treat harmful gases in industrial waste gas.

Safety and Storage of 4. Nitric Acid

nitric acid has strong oxidizing and corrosive, storage needs to be cool, ventilated, away from the source of fire. In case of leakage, evacuate personnel immediately, neutralize with alkaline solution, and take professional treatment measures. Wear protective equipment during operation to avoid direct contact.

Future Prospects of 5. Nitric Acid

with the improvement of environmental protection requirements, nitric acid manufacturing process will pay more attention to energy saving and emission reduction. In the future, nitric acid may play a greater role in new energy and other emerging fields.

Conclusion

nitric acid is an important basic chemical, and its manufacture and application are essential for many industries. By continuously improving our processes, we are able to use this resource more efficiently and environmentally. I hope this article can help readers to fully understand the nitric acid, answer "nitric acid is how to make?" and other questions.