All dissolved nitric acid can dissolve what?

The Solubility of Nitric Acid and Its Application Analysis

nitric acid is a strong oxidizing and acidic inorganic acid, widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, metal processing and other industries. Its chemical properties are active and can react with a variety of substances, especially in terms of solubility. This article will analyze which substances can be dissolved by nitric acid from multiple angles, as well as its dissolution mechanism and practical application.

1. nitric acid on metal solubility

The solubility of nitric acid for metals is closely related to its concentration. Dilute nitric acid and concentrated nitric acid exhibit different characteristics in dissolving metals. Dilute nitric acid usually reacts with active metals (e. g., iron, aluminum, zinc) to form the corresponding nitrate, water, and nitric oxide gas. For example, iron reacts with dilute nitric acid to produce ferrous nitrate and water, while releasing NO gas:

[3Fe 8HNO3 \rightarrow 3Fe(NO3)2 4H2O 2NO↑]

concentrated nitric acid is often used to passivate metal surfaces due to its strong oxidizing properties. For example, concentrated nitric acid can form a dense oxide film on the surface of iron, aluminum and other metals, thus preventing further reaction. This property is used in industry to protect metals from corrosion.

2. nitric acid on non-metal solubility

Nitric acid can not only dissolve metals, but also react with certain non-metals. For example, non-metals such as sulfur, phosphorus, and carbon can be reacted with concentrated nitric acid under specific conditions. Concentrated nitric acid, as a strong oxidant, can oxidize these non-metals to generate the corresponding anhydride or salt. For example, sulfur reacts with concentrated nitric acid to produce sulfuric anhydride and potassium nitrate:

[S 4HNO3 \rightarrow SO3 4NO↑ 2H2O]

these reactions are usually carried out under heating conditions, and the reaction is vigorous and requires careful handling.

3. Nitric Acid on Organic Solubility

Nitric acid also has important applications in organic chemistry. It can dissolve some organic compounds containing active hydrogen, such as alcohols, phenols, amines, etc. For example, nitric acid reacts with phenol to form nitrophenol, which reacts as follows:

[C6H5OH HNO3 \rightarrow C6H5NO2 H_2O]

nitric acid can also be used to dissolve certain oils and polymers. In industrial production, nitric acid is commonly used in the manufacture of explosives (such as nitroglycerine) and plastics (such as phenolic resin).

4. nitric acid to compound solubility

Nitric acid can also dissolve various compounds, especially basic oxides, basic hydroxides and salts. For example, calcium oxide reacts with nitric acid to produce calcium nitrate and water:

[CaO 2HNO3 \rightarrow Ca(NO3)2 H2O]

similarly, sodium hydroxide reacts with nitric acid to produce sodium nitrate and water:

[NaOH HNO3 \rightarrow NaNO3 H_2O]

these reactions reflect the acidic properties of nitric acid and facilitate industrial production.

5. summary

Nitric acid is a multifunctional chemical reagent, and its solubility is widely used in many fields. Whether it is a metal, non-metal, organic or compound, nitric acid can exhibit unique dissolution characteristics through its acidity and oxidation. Because nitric acid is highly corrosive and toxic, it must be used in strict compliance with safety regulations. In the future, with the progress of science and technology, the application field of nitric acid will be further expanded, and the study of its solubility will also provide more possibilities for industry and scientific research.