Difference between benzene and toluene

1. Benzene Toluene Chemical Structure and Physical Properties

Benzene, whose molecular formula is C7H8, is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. Its chemical structure is similar to benzene, but a methyl group is substituted on the benzene ring. This structure makes the physical properties of benzene toluene and xylene (CH3CH2Cl2) and other substances are significantly different.

From the perspective of physical properties, the density of benzene toluene is 0.876g/cm³, which is lighter than water, so it can surface in water. It has a boiling point of 110.6°C and a melting point of 5.4°C. In contrast, xylene has a boiling point as high as 40.1°C and a slightly higher density of 1.32g/cm³.

2, benzene toluene and xylene difference

The two are significantly different in chemical structure. The molecular structure of benzene toluene has a methyl substituent, and xylene has two methyl groups. This structural difference leads to significant differences in their physical properties.

In terms of solubility, benzene toluene can be well dissolved in water to form a colorless and transparent solution, while xylene is basically insoluble in water.

In terms of volatility, the volatility of benzene and toluene is better, but it will decompose under high temperature or light to generate benzene and methane. Xylene is more stable at room temperature, and no obvious volatility.

3, benzene toluene use

Due to its good solubility and volatility, benzene toluene is widely used in the manufacture of solvents, the synthesis of organic compounds and the preparation of plastics and other materials. Benzene is also used as an extractant to separate and purify organic solvents.

It should be noted that although xylene is similar to benzene and toluene in some respects, its chemical properties are more active and it is easy to react with metals and other compounds, so it needs to be more cautious when used in industrial applications.

4. Storage and security

Benzene is harmless to humans and the environment, but it is still necessary to pay attention to fire and moisture during storage. Because of its strong volatility, storage in an open environment can easily lead to its escape into the air, the formation of harmful concentrations of vapor. Therefore, the place where benzene and toluene are stored needs to maintain good ventilation and leak-proof measures.

Xylene is relatively stable, but at high temperature or exposure to light, may be decomposed, so the same need to pay attention to high temperature and anti-exposure.

Through the above analysis, we can more clearly understand the characteristics and differences of benzene and toluene, so as to make the correct choice and use in practical applications.