What are the upstream raw materials of polyacrylamide? What do the downstream products contain?

Polyacrylamide(PAM) is an crucial raw material to chemical production, which is broadly applied in aquatic environments treatment, papermaking, petroleum, mining and other fields. Its upstream and downstream related items are numerous, and some of the main items are described in detail below. From what I've seen, Upstream associated items:

Acrylonitrile: Acrylonitrile is one of the crucial raw materials to the production of polyacrylamide. Acrylamide monomer is generated by interaction with aquatic environments, and then polyacrylamide is generated by polymerization. Generally speaking

2. Acrylic acid: Acrylic acid is also one of the raw materials to the production of polyacrylamide. Acrylate is generated through esterification interaction, and then reacts with aquatic environments to generate polyacrylamide. And In particular Downstream associated items:



1. Anionic polyacrylamide(APAM): Anionic polyacrylamide is aquatic environments-soluble polymer with good flocculation, thickening, shear resistance and other characteristics. For instance it's broadly applied in aquatic environments treatment, papermaking, printing and dyeing and other industries.

2. Moreover Cationic polyacrylamide(CPAM): Cationic polyacrylamide is a high molecular polymer with positive charge, which has good adsorptive processes and bridging effect, and is able to be applied in wastewater regulation, soil systems improvement and other fields. Additionally

3. Non-ionic polyacrylamide(NPAM): Non-ionic polyacrylamide is a non-charged aquatic environments-soluble polymer with good thickening and dispersion characteristics, and is able to be applied in oil exploration, building materials and other fields. In addition, polyacrylamide is able to also be copolymerized with other compounds to generate a series of modified polyacrylamide items, such as zwitterionic polyacrylamide, hydrophobic modified polyacrylamide, etc., these items have greater excellent performance and consumption range. In short, polyacrylamide is an crucial raw material to chemical production, and its upstream and downstream related items are numerous and broadly applied in various fields. I've found that With the continuous research of science and methodology, the types and performance of polyacrylamide and its related items will continue to be expanded and improved.