What is the difference between benzene and butane?

Benzene and butane are two organic compounds with different properties. Although they have similarities in appearance and chemical properties, they have different applications and uses in industry, chemistry and daily life. This article will analyze the difference between benzene and butane in detail, and discuss how to distinguish these two substances.

Comparison of Basic Properties of 1.

1. molecular structure and molecular weight Benzene has a molecular formula of C6H6 with a molecular weight of 78; butane has a molecular formula of C4H14 with a molecular weight of 58. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms, showing a planar structure, while the butane molecule is composed of four carbon atoms and fourteen hydrogen atoms, showing a chain structure.

2. Physical Status Under standard conditions, benzene is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 80.1°C; butane is also a colorless liquid, but with a lower boiling point of -62.8°C. Therefore, benzene and butane are different under standard conditions and can be distinguished by temperature changes.

3. Density The density of benzene is 0.88g/cm3, which is lighter than water and is easy to float on the water surface; the density of butane is 0.57g/cm3, which is also lighter than water, but the density difference with benzene is large. The two can be distinguished by density measurement.

Differences in physical properties of 2.

1. Boiling Point and Vapor Benzene has a high boiling point and is easily identified by vapor; butane has a low boiling point and vapor is easily volatilized.

2. Color Both are colorless liquids, but when distinguished by appearance, benzene appears faint orange-red in sunlight, while butane appears colorless and transparent.

Differences in chemical properties of 3.

1. Reaction characteristics Benzene is easily oxidized under light, but insoluble in water; butane is also easily oxidized under light, but soluble in organic solvents.

2. Solubility Benzene is insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents; butane is also insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents.

Comparison of 4. uses

1. Industrial Applications Benzene is commonly used in the production of benzene ring structure compounds, such as phenol, benzoic acid, etc.; butane is used in petroleum processing cracking fuel.

2. Daily use and solvents Benzene is often used as a solvent, while butane is often used for fire fighting and cleaning.

5. Storage and Security

1. Storage conditions Benzene needs to avoid light and fire; Butane also needs to avoid light and fire.

2. Safety precautions Both need to be away from open flames and high temperatures.

Summary: The key to distinguish between benzene and butane lies in their different molecular structures, physical properties and uses. These two substances can be effectively distinguished by observing color, smell, volatility or using professional chemical analysis instruments. Understanding the difference between them helps to make the right application and choice in industrial production, environmental protection and daily life.