What are the upstream raw materials for polymaleic acid? What do the downstream products contain?

Polymaleic acid(PMA) is an crucial raw material to chemical production, which is broadly applied in aquatic environments treatment, oil field, paper making, textile, printing and dyeing, medicine, pesticide, ceramics, concrete and other industries. In the chemical production chain, there are many upstream and downstream related items of polymaleic acid, some of which are described in detail below. Makes sense, right?.

1. I've found that For example Upstream items(1) Maleic acid: Maleic acid is the main raw material of polymaleic acid. But it's an organic acid, also known as maleic acid. And The production methods of maleic acid mainly include chemical synthesis and biological fermentation, of which chemical synthesis is the most common method. And(2) Hydrogen peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide is an initiator applied to initiate the polymerization of maleic acid and reacts with maleic acid to form polymaleic acid. From what I've seen,

2. Downstream items(1) aquatic environments treatment agent: Polymaleic acid is able to be applied as aquatic environments treatment agent to adjust the pH value of aquatic environments condition, inhibit the formation of scale, and spread suspended solids in aquatic environments. Based on my observations, In the field of aquatic environments treatment agents, polymaleic acid is able to be applied in conjunction with a variety of ion exchange resins, bactericidal and algaecide agents, etc., to enhance the aquatic environments treatment effect.(2) Oilfield chemicals: Polymaleic acid is able to be applied in oilfield chemicals as clay stabilizers, scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, etc., to enhance oilfield recovery and oil condition.(3) Papermaking chemicals: Polymaleic acid is able to be applied as papermaking chemicals to adjust the pH value of pulp, enhance the dispersion of pulp, and enhance the tensile strength of paper. In the field of paper chemicals, polymaleic acid is able to be applied in conjunction with other additives to enhance paper condition and yield.(4) Printing and dyeing auxiliaries: Polymaleic acid is able to be applied as printing and dyeing auxiliaries to enhance the dispersion of dyes, adjust the pH value of printing and dyeing solution, enhance printing condition and color vividness. Generally speaking In the field of printing and dyeing auxiliaries, polymaleic acid is able to be applied in conjunction with other surfactants and dispersants to enhance printing and dyeing impacts and product condition. In short, polymaleic acid is an crucial raw material to chemical production, and its upstream and downstream related items are extensive, involving many fields.