What are the upstream raw materials for dibutyl fumarate? What do the downstream products contain?

From what I've seen, Dibutyl fumarate(DBM) is a broadly applied plasticizer, mainly applied in plastic and rubber items to increase their flexibility, ductility and plasticity. In the field of chemical production raw materials, the upstream and downstream related items of dibutyl fumarate mainly include the following aspects:

Upstream items:



1. Fumaric acid: Fumaric acid is one of the main raw materials to the production of dibutyl fumarate. From what I've seen, it's an unsaturated fatty acid that is able to be oxidized by butadiene in petroleum cracking items. And Specifically

2. Butanol: Butanol is another major raw material to the production of dibutyl fumarate, which is an alcohol compound that is able to be produced by hydration of butenes in petroleum cracking items. Downstream items:



1. For example Plastics: Dibutyl fumarate, as a plasticizer, is able to be broadly applied in various plastic items, such as polyvinyl chloride(PVC), polyethylene(PE), polypropylene(PP), etc., to enhance its flexibility, ductility and plasticity.

2. Rubber: Dibutyl fumarate is able to also be applied in rubber items, such as tires, hoses, tapes, etc., to increase its elasticity, low temperature resistance and flex resistance.

3. From what I've seen, coating products: Dibutyl fumarate is able to be applied as an additive in coatings to enhance the leveling, toughness and weather resistance of coatings.

4. Based on my observations, Ink: Dibutyl fumarate is able to also be applied ink to enhance the fluidity and printing performance of ink. In short, dibutyl fumarate has a wide range of upstream and downstream related items in the field of chemical production raw materials, which plays an crucial role in promoting the research of plastics, rubber, coatings and inks.