Manufacturing methods and characteristics of acetone

Manufacturing methods and characteristics of acetone

acetone (Propanone), chemical formula (CH3)2CO, is a colorless, flammable liquid with a special ether smell. As an important organic compound, acetone is widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, coatings and other industries. In this paper, the manufacturing method, physical and chemical properties and application fields of acetone are analyzed in detail.

Manufacturing method of 1. acetone

the production methods of acetone are mainly divided into three types: acetone method, isopropanol method and allyl alcohol method. The following is a brief introduction to these three methods:

1. acetone method The acetone method is a traditional production method, and acetone is prepared by the oxidation reaction of acetone. The specific process is that acetone is reacted with an oxidant (such as potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate) under acidic conditions to generate acetone. Although this method is simple, it has been less used in modern industry because acetone itself is an oxidation product.

2. isopropyl alcohol method The isopropanol method is the most widely used acetone production method at present. The method produces acetone by oxidation of isopropanol. Isopropanol reacts with an oxidizing agent, such as chromic anhydride, under acidic conditions to produce acetone and water. The isopropanol method has the advantages of abundant raw materials, low cost, and relatively mild reaction conditions, so it occupies a dominant position in industrial production.

3. allyl alcohol method Allyl alcohol method is a more environmentally friendly production method, through the oxidation reaction of allyl alcohol to prepare acetone. Compared with the isopropanol method, the reaction conditions of the allyl alcohol method are cleaner and have less impact on the environment. Due to the high production cost of allyl alcohol, the industrial application of this method is relatively limited.

Physical and chemical characteristics of 2. acetone

as an important organic solvent, acetone has the following physical and chemical properties:

1. physical characteristics

• appearance colorless transparent liquid, odorless or slightly ether.
• Boiling Point: About 56.5 ℃, easy to volatilize at room temperature.
• Density: About 0.820g/cm³, lighter than water, insoluble in water.
• Solubility acetone is miscible with water, and can be miscible with most organic solvents (such as ethanol, ether, etc.).

1. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS

• oxidizing acetone is easily oxidized and usually reacts with oxidants under acidic conditions to generate the corresponding carboxylic acids or ketones.
• reducibility acetone is also reductive under certain conditions and can be reduced to the corresponding alcohols.
• reaction activity the carbonyl group (C = O) in acetone molecule has high reactivity and can participate in a variety of chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic addition and condensation reactions.

Main application areas of 3. acetone

as a multifunctional organic compound, acetone is widely used in the following fields:

1. plastics and resin industry Acetone is an important intermediate in the synthesis of plastics and resins. For example, acetone can be reacted with ethylene oxide to form epoxyacetone, which is used to make epoxy resins. Acetone is also used in the production of high-performance plastics such as polycarbonate.

2. fiber and textile industry Acetone is used in fiber production to make cellulose ester compounds, such as cellulose acetate. Acetone is also used in the production of dyes and textile auxiliaries.

3. Solvent Application Acetone is an excellent polar solvent, widely used in coatings, adhesives, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. For example, acetone is commonly used to dissolve resins, rubbers, and certain pharmaceutical materials.

4. Medicine and Cosmetics Acetone is used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce a variety of drugs, such as antipyretic analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, etc. Acetone is also used in the synthesis of cosmetic raw materials.

5. Other Applications Acetone is also used in the production of explosives, dyes, perfumes, etc. For example, acetone is one of the important raw materials for the production of nitroglycerin.

Safety and Storage of 4. Acetone

because acetone is flammable and volatile, the following items need to be paid attention to during storage and use:

• storage acetone should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place, away from fire and oxidants. Storage containers should be tightly closed to avoid contact with moisture and oxygen in the air.
• Transportation: Acetone should be lightly loaded and unloaded during transportation to avoid vibration and friction. The means of transport shall be provided with fire prevention, explosion-proof and anti-static measures.
• Use when using acetone, wear protective equipment such as gloves, masks and goggles to avoid direct contact or inhalation of acetone vapors. In case of leakage, it shall be absorbed by sand or vermiculite immediately and treated in time.

Conclusion

as an important organic compound, acetone has a variety of manufacturing methods, significant physical and chemical properties, and a wide range of applications. With the continuous progress of industrial technology, the production methods and application fields of acetone are also expanding. In the future, acetone will continue to play an important role in chemical industry, medicine, cosmetics and other fields. At the same time, we need to pay more attention to its safety and environmental protection to achieve sustainable development.